Maybe you’re not checking your credit report, but plenty of other people are – especially now. As consumer defaults rise, wary lenders are more particular about who they give money to and are raising the standard for what qualifies as an acceptable credit score.
Though it’s always a good idea to check your credit report, “the need to do that is even more compelling now,” says Norma Garcia, a senior attorney at Consumers Union.
Even if you have impeccable spending habits, your report may well have errors, which you’ll need to fix. So now’s a good time for a primer on how to buff up your report, and your score.
First, some basics: Your credit report plays a part in deciding how much interest you cough up for your car payment, whether you qualify for a mortgage loan, and what kind of credit card you can get. In North Carolina, home and auto insurers can use it to help determine the premium they’ll charge you. Some employers will ask if they can check your report before they hire you. Landlords, cell phone providers and utilities may also want to look at your status.
Your credit report includes information about the balances, defaults and opening dates of your credit cards, mortgage payments, student loans and other loans. Information from public records, including bankruptcies, foreclosures or tax liens, can be included. It also tells you who has recently asked for a copy of your report. There are three national companies – Equifax, Experian and TransUnion – that collect this information, then sell it to lenders and others.
Diane Ervin, a mortgage broker in Charlotte, figures that 60 percent of the people who walk through her door have no idea what’s on their credit report. And the majority of them, she said, have errors. She worries that people will be denied loans because they didn’t bother to check and correct their reports.
Errors often happen when your file is merged with that of someone who has a similar name or address, said Travis Plunkett, at the Consumer Federation of America. And since lenders don’t have to share information with the credit bureaus, many credit reports are missing information. A 2004 survey by U.S. PIRG, the federation of state Public Interest Research Groups, found that one in four credit reports contained errors serious enough to result in a denial of credit.
If you’re applying for a job that involves handling money, your potential employer will probably ask for permission to pull your report. “If you’re a cashier, a waitress, a bookkeeper – your employer wants to know if you’re up to your eyeballs in debt,” said Leonard Gordon, a regional director with the Federal Trade Commission.
“Of course, you could be a trustworthy person with terrible credit,” he added, “but that’s not the way the business world thinks.”
How to get your credit report
Since 2005, the federal government has required each of the big three credit reporting agencies – Equifax, Experian and TransUnion - to provide you with a free copy of your credit report once a year. (You’re also entitled to a free copy under certain circumstances, including if you’ve been the victim of identity theft, if you’re unemployed but expect to apply for a job within 60 days, or if your application for credit, insurance or employment is denied.)
The easiest way to get your report is to visit AnnualCreditReport.com. There are Web sites with similar names, but the Federal Trade Commission and consumer groups recommend against using them.
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